Dynamics of earthquake faults
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Earthquake Ruptures on Rough Faults
Natural fault surfaces exhibit roughness at all scales, with root-mean-square height fluctuations of order 10−3 to 10−2 times the profile length. We study earthquake rupture propagation on such faults, using strongly rate-weakening fault friction and offfault plasticity. Inelastic deformation bounds stresses to reasonable values and prevents fault opening. Stress perturbations induced by slip o...
متن کاملNon-linear dynamics of a continuous spring–block model of earthquake faults
The continuous one-dimensional Burridge–Knopoff model is generalized by introducing plastic creep in addition to rigid sliding. The resulting equations, for an order parameter (sliding rate) and a control parameter (driving force), exhibit a velocity-strengthening and a velocity-softening instability. In the former regime, considered to be the analog of self-organized criticality in continuum s...
متن کاملThe Dynamics of Thrust and Normal Faults over Multiple Earthquake Cycles: Effects of Dipping Fault Geometry
We perform dynamic simulations of thrust and normal faults over multiple earthquake cycles. Our goal is to explore effects of asymmetric fault geometry on the long-term seismicity and dynamics of dipping faults. A dynamic finite-element method is used to model the interseismic and coseismic processes, with a dynamic relaxation technique for the former. The faults are loaded by stable sliding al...
متن کاملSlip complexity in dynamic models of earthquake faults.
We summarize recent evidence that models of earthquake faults with dynamically unstable friction laws but no externally imposed heterogeneities can exhibit slip complexity. Two models are described here. The first is a one-dimensional model with velocity-weakening stick-slip friction; the second is a two-dimensional elastodynamic model with slip-weakening friction. Both exhibit small-event comp...
متن کاملHeating and weakening of faults during earthquake slip
[1] Field observations of mature crustal faults suggest that slip in individual events occurs primarily within a thin shear zone, <1–5 mm, within a finely granulated, ultracataclastic fault core. Relevant weakening processes in large crustal events are therefore suggested to be thermal, and to involve the following: (1) thermal pressurization of pore fluid within and adjacent to the deforming f...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Reviews of Modern Physics
سال: 1994
ISSN: 0034-6861,1539-0756
DOI: 10.1103/revmodphys.66.657